Ejection Fraction Improvement Following Contemporary High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: RESTORE EF Study Results

Figures

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  Figure 1. Patient flow chart. CABG, coronary artery bypass surgery; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; EDC, electronic data capturing system; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Figure 2. Follow-up LVEF improvement stratified by baseline LVEF quartile. Paired baseline and 90-day follow-up LVEF values were compared for each baseline LVEF quartile. Improvement in LVEF at 90 ​​days was significant for all quartiles, with the exception of patients with near-normal baseline LVEF (>45%). (A) Patients with baseline LVEF ≤20%. (B) Patients with baseline LVEF >20% and <35%. (C) Patient with LVEF ≥35% and ≤45%. (D) Patients with baseline LVEF >45%. LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. ∗The black squares represent the mean. The black dots represent possible outliers.

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  Figure 3. Extent of LVEF improvement at 90-day follow-up corelates with completeness of revascularization. Complete revascularization (defined as residual SYNTAX 1 score of 0; N = 91) was found to be associated with significantly greater 90-day LVEF improvement, compared with those patients with incomplete revascularization (residual SYNTAX I score > 0; N = 105), at a mean follow-up of 117 ​​± ​​38 ​​days (median, 104 ​​days). LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. The black squares represent the mean. The black dots represent possible outliers.

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  Figure 4. Heart failure and anginal symptom improvement at the last follow-up. (A) At a mean follow-up of 108 ​​± ​​70 ​​days (median, 108 ​​days), 15% of patients were classified as NYHA class III/IV compared to 62% at baseline assessment. (B) At a mean follow-up of 110 ​​± ​​77 ​​days (median, 101 ​​days), 2% of patients were classed as CCS Angina class III/IV (0% class IV, 2% class III) compared to 72% at baseline assessment. CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

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  Central Illustration. LVEF improvement at 90-day follow-up after Impella-supported HRPCI. Two hundred fifty-one patients had both available baseline and 90-day follow-up LVEF measurement, at a mean follow-up of 120 ​​± ​​40 ​​days (median, 108 ​​days). Fourteen had a follow-up LVEF measured at ≥180 ​​days after PCI. LVEF values are expressed as median (interquartile range) and mean ​​± ​​standard deviation. HRPCI, ​​high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention; LVEF, ​​left ventricular ejection fraction.