Infants with bronchiolitis profile A (non-RSV, history of breathing problems/eczema) had a higher asthma risk by age 6-7 than those with classic RSV bronchiolitis (38% vs 23%, adjOR 2.57).
Cohort (n=3,081)
Yes
Do specific clinical profiles of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis predict the risk of developing asthma by age 6-7 years?
Infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis can be classified into distinct clinical profiles, with a specific profile (history of breathing problems/eczema and non-RSV infection) having a significantly higher risk of developing childhood asthma.
Odds Ratio: 2.57 (95% CI 1.63–4.06)
Absolute Event Rate: 38% vs 23%
Background Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of infants hospitalization in the U.S. and Europe. Additionally, bronchiolitis is a major risk factor for the development of childhood asthma. Growing evidence suggests heterogeneity within bronchiolitis. We sought to identify distinct, reproducible bronchiolitis subgroups (profiles) and to develop a decision rule accurately predicting the profile at the highest risk for developing asthma. Methods In three multicenter prospective cohorts of infants (age < 12 months) hospitalized for bronchiolitis in the U.S. and Finland (combined n = 3081) in 2007–2014, we identified clinically distinct bronchiolitis profiles by using latent class analysis. We examined the association of the profiles with the risk for developing asthma by age 6–7 years. By performing recursive partitioning analyses, we developed a decision rule predicting the profile at highest risk for asthma, and measured its predictive performance in two separate cohorts. Findings We identified four bronchiolitis profiles (profiles A–D). Profile A ( n = 388; 13%) was characterized by a history of breathing problems/eczema and non–respiratory syncytial virus (non-RSV) infection. In contrast, profile B ( n = 1064; 34%) resembled classic RSV-induced bronchiolitis. Profile C ( n = 993; 32%) was comprised of the most severely ill group. Profile D ( n = 636; 21%) was the least-ill group. Profile A infants had a significantly higher risk for asthma, compared to profile B infants (38% vs. 23%, adjusted odds ratio adjOR 2⋅57, 95%confidence interval CI 1⋅63–4⋅06). The derived 4-predictor (RSV infection, history of breathing problems, history of eczema, and parental history of asthma) decision rule strongly predicted profile A— e.g. , area under the curve AUC of 0⋅98 (95%CI 0⋅97–0⋅99), sensitivity of 1⋅00 (95%CI 0⋅96–1⋅00), and specificity of 0⋅90 (95%CI 0⋅89–0⋅93) in a validation cohort. Interpretation In three prospective cohorts of infants with bronchiolitis, we identified clinically distinct profiles and their longitudinal relationship with asthma risk. We also derived and validated an accurate prediction rule to determine the profile at highest risk. The current results should advance research into the development of profile-specific preventive strategies for asthma.
Fujiogi et al. (Sat,) conducted a cohort in Bronchiolitis (n=3,081). Profile A bronchiolitis (history of breathing problems/eczema and non-RSV infection) vs. Profile B bronchiolitis (classic RSV-induced) was evaluated on Development of asthma by age 6-7 years (adjOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.63-4.06). Infants with bronchiolitis profile A (non-RSV, history of breathing problems/eczema) had a higher asthma risk by age 6-7 than those with classic RSV bronchiolitis (38% vs 23%, adjOR 2.57).