What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to evaluate the significance and characteristics of the self-employment regime in Russia.

Self-Employment in Russia: Scale, Homogeneity, and Income Distribution1

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Analysis examines self-employment scale and income distribution in Russia, highlighting income inequality and structural diversity.

The study aims to evaluate the significance and characteristics of the self-employment regime in Russia.
Used anonymized tax data from the Federal Tax Service of Russia (2019-2024) to analyze self-employment.
Assessed active participants versus registered self-employed individuals.
Evaluated income differentiation among self-employed individuals.
Self-employment represents limited significance in the overall economy with fewer active participants.
The structure of self-employment shows significant heterogeneity with no dominant numerical groups.
Self-employed individuals experience high income differentiation despite relatively low average incomes.

Potapenko et al. (2026) studied this question.

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