Exploratory Study of Triple-Entry Data (X-STATIS) for the Evaluation of Energy Quality in Induction Motors Under Simulated Faults

Energy, conceived as an essential element for economic and social progress, underpins the manufacture of products, transport, the provision of basic needs and, consequently, the improvement of society’s well-being. Within this framework, three-phase induction motors (MIT) play a key role in industrial processes. However, these devices can suffer from various types of faults that negatively affect their performance and durability, including deterioration of the stator winding and obstruction of the cooling system. This research focuses on the analysis of various operating conditions of induction motors through the application of the X-STATIS statistical technique, with the aim of determining the capacity of electrical and mechanical indicators to detect faults. To this end, eight experimental situations were considered: one corresponding to normal operating conditions and seven associated with induced faults, evaluated under six different voltage levels. The variables recorded included three-phase current, efficiency, torque, and speed, organized into a data cube consisting of six tables, one for each voltage level, analyzed in the RStudio environment. The study of the interstructure allowed us to identify two main behavioral trends: a set of faults consisting of ROT2, INS4 and INS5, and another consisting of NON1, MECH6, MECH7, VENT8 and STA3. This classification was validated by high RV coefficient values, above 0.91, which shows high structural consistency between the different simulated scenarios. In the engagement stage, significant positive correlations were observed between phase currents (CF1, CF2 and CF3) and torque (TOR), as well as an inverse relationship between speed (SPE) and torque. Efficiency (EFF), on the other hand, showed a different behavior, with a greater association with high voltage levels (V4 and V5), highlighting its sensitivity to conditions close to the nominal load. Finally, the analysis of the internal structure allowed the projection of the different failure conditions within the space defined by the compromise to be examined.