What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to assess current practices of physical restraint in ICUs and their associated outcomes, including moral distress among caregivers.

Physical restraint in the intensive care units: a narrative review of current practices and outcomes

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Narrative review evaluates the impact of physical restraint on outcomes in intensive care units, suggesting a need for ethical practice shift.

The aim is to assess current practices of physical restraint in ICUs and their associated outcomes, including moral distress among caregivers.
Conducted a narrative review of existing literature on physical restraint in ICUs.
Analyzed variability in restraint use based on patient, caregiver, and systemic factors.
Proposed a triadic outcomes framework for ethical assessment of restraint practices.
Significant variability in physical restraint use influenced by multiple factors.
Restraint use not effectively preventing tube pulling and linked to negative physical and psychological outcomes.
Identified a need for a paradigm shift toward restraint as a last resort to minimize harm.

Xiaobo Yang (2026) studied this question.

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Narrative review evaluates the impact of physical restraint on outcomes in intensive care units, suggesting a need for ethical practice shift.