A Phenomenological Sub-Photon Array-Wave Framework: From Scattering and Interference to Moving-Body Optics

This paper develops an exploratory phenomenological framework of Sub-Photon Array-Wave Theory (SPAWT) and a preliminary research program of Newtonian Electrodynamics (NED) by jointly considering Compton scattering, double-slit interference and diffraction, and Michelson-Morley-type moving-body optical experiments. Electromagnetic radiation is represented as an ordered stream of lower-level constituents characterized by periodicity, source- or secondary-source-relative constant speed, quantized organization, and directionality. Macroscopic wave behavior is interpreted as an organized effect of emission, propagation, secondary-source re-emission, and synchronized accumulation at detectors. Compton scattering is used to constrain the effective sub-photon mass-period product; double-slit and crystal diffraction constrain synchronization functions and secondary-source mechanisms; and Michelson-Morley, Fizeau, stellar-aberration, and Doppler-type phenomena constrain moving-propagation relations. Lorentz transformations, absolute ether, and relativistic light-speed invariance are not used as starting assumptions; established theories are treated as empirical benchmarks and comparison frameworks. Constituent density, flux, synchronization parameters, and material response kernels are introduced, together with average-field equations, numerical modeling routes, and six discriminating experimental proposals. The paper does not claim a completed replacement of classical electrodynamics, quantum electrodynamics, or special relativity. Instead, it presents NED as a calculable, testable, and falsifiable phenomenological research program that requires further mathematical derivation, numerical simulation, and experimental assessment.