Multilevel Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior Reduction Among Office Workers in Korea

PurposeThis mixed-methods study investigated determinants of behaviors and intention related to sedentary behavior (SB) reduction among Korean white-collar workers by applying the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) in a collectivist workplace context.DesignSequential exploratory mixed-methods design.SettingKorean workplaces where excessive SB may be a concern.SampleTwenty-one workers participated in the qualitative phase, and 497 employees from 21 workplaces completed the survey.MeasuresThree semi-structured focus group interviews across job-position groups explored social norms and barriers to SB reduction. Insights informed selected survey items and interpretation. The survey assessed individual, job, and health factors, IBM constructs (attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, skills, intentions), SB reduction practices, and workplace factors.AnalysisData were analyzed using thematic coding and multilevel regression.ResultsParticipants reported high SB and often avoided standing to prevent drawing attention, though some developed strategies to reduce sitting. Intention to reduce SB was associated with positive emotions, beliefs that colleagues reduce sitting, high self-efficacy, low job stress, and lower job position. SB reduction behavior was associated with stronger intentions, better skills/abilities, and more sit-stand workstations.ConclusionApplying the IBM within a collectivist cultural framework underscores the relevance of perceived norms and hierarchical workplace dynamics for health-related behaviors. Workplace health promotion may benefit from emotional benefits, skill building, and position-specific, norm-based strategies acknowledging organizational hierarchy and employees' sensitivity to social norms, alongside practical support and supportive environments.