Health-seeking behaviour in adults with musculoskeletal conditions: A scoping review

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and low back pain, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Individuals often delay or avoid seeking healthcare due to personal, social, and systemic factors. Existing research on health-seeking behaviour is fragmented and lacks synthesis across diverse contexts and populations. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review systematically maps the literature on health-seeking behaviour in adults with musculoskeletal conditions, highlighting knowledge gaps and generating insights for future research, clinical practice, and policy. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Six electronic databases and relevant grey literature sources were systematically searched. Eligible studies focusing on adults with musculoskeletal conditions were screened and analysed using narrative synthesis. Findings were organised into thematic tables and illustrated through a conceptual framework. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies published between 2004 and 2025 were included, representing a diverse range of geographic and socioeconomic contexts. Five key themes were identified: Clinical and Functional Need; Socioeconomic and Environmental Context; Cultural and Social Context; Healthcare System and Provider Experiences; and Use of Alternative and Digital Care Options. CONCLUSION: This review identifies five key themes connecting clinical, socioeconomic, cultural, and systemic factors in adults with musculoskeletal conditions. Highlighting patient agency, it informs research, policy, and practice aimed at delivering more equitable and responsive musculoskeletal care.