The conventional thinking about COPD is that exposures in adult life, such as smoking, lead to a low FEV1:FVC ratio, the physiological hallmark of COPD. In this review, the effect of early-life exposures on the lung that could lead to expiratory airflow limitation is reviewed.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Fernando D. Martínez (2016) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: