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The solubility of gallic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, and protocatechuic acid in aqueous solutions of various concentrations of sodium sulfate was determined from (293.15 to 318.15) K at atmospheric pressure using a thermostatted reactor and HPLC analysis. Results showed a salting-out effect on the solubility of the tested phenolic compounds. The solubility data were accurately correlated to a semiempirical equation. The temperature dependence of the solubility data were used to estimate thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs free energy (Δ sol G o ), molar enthalpy of dissolution (Δ sol H o ), and molar entropy of dissolution (Δ sol S o ).
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Noubigh et al. (2008) studied this question.
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