Association between Visceral Adiposity Index, Binge Eating Behavior, and Grey Matter Density in Caudal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Severe Obesity

Figures

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  Figure 1. Representation of the distribution of visceral adiposity index (VAI) scores by sex using a raincloud plot. Median (solid line) and mean (dashed line) values are indicated in the boxplot.

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  Figure 2. Correlations between binge eating scores and BMI ((a) for men and (b) for women), waist-to-hip ratio ((c) for men and (d) for women), fat mass % ((e) for men and (f) for women), or visceral adiposity index (VAI) ((g) for men and (h) for women). Figures show scatterplot with regression line and its 95% confidence interval in which relevant (using seaborn regplot). Pearson correlation coefficients and p values are shown. Significant associations are highlighted in bold.

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  Figure 3. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) value for our regions of interest in men and women with high- versus low- visceral adiposity index (VAI). Figures show violin plot. ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; OFC: orbitofrontal cortex; vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex; DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

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  Figure 4. Voxel-based morphometry caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) density as a mediator of the relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and binge eating scale (BES) score, using sex as moderator. The figure shows unstandardized β regression coefficients with standard error (SE) or 95% confidence interval (IC95), with a number of bootstrap samples of 10,000. βa: effect of VAI score on caudal ACC; βb: effect of caudal ACC on BES score; βc1: total effect of VAI on BES score; βc2: direct effect of sex on BES score; βIE: indirect effect of VAI on BES score; IC95: 95% confidence interval; α: percentage of the effect of VAI on BES score that is mediated by voxel-based morphometry caudal ACC density; se: standard error; * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.005.