“It’s from Allah”: Arab–Bedouin Grandparents’ Experience of Autism in the Family

This qualitative study explores the experiences and perceptions of Arab – Bedouin grandparents of young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Negev region of southern Israel. Situated within a patriarchal, tribal society, the research examines how cultural values, religious beliefs, and social norms shape the understanding of autism and caregiving dynamics. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted. Three core themes emerged: (1) the role and expectations of grandparents within the extended family system; (2) the perception of autism as a socially and emotionally condition; and (3) the framing of autism within a religious worldview. The findings illuminate the unique position of grandparents, particularly grandmothers, who navigate between traditional authority, emotional involvement, and limited knowledge about autism. The study underscores dynamic interplay between cultural norms, religious beliefs, and intergenerational roles, expanding the understanding of caregiving beyond nuclear family model. Implications for culturally sensitive social work practice and policy are discussed.