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High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Facultative crops, capable of being sown either in autumn or spring, offer crucial flexibility to confront increasing climate variability. Combining traits from both winter and spring types, facultative varieties feature partial vernalization response and cold tolerance, enabling possible adaptation to diverse seasonal conditions and providing stability in yields. This review comprehensively examines the genetic and morphological mechanisms underlying facultative growth habits, with particular emphasis on vernalization, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), and stress tolerance. Furthermore, the potential of facultative wheat and barley types to improve yield stability, reduce environmental risks, and support sustainable farming practices is mentioned. While their adoption has historically been limited, emerging evidence suggests a vast, untapped potential, especially in regions facing unpredictable weather patterns and early season drought. By integrating molecular biology insights and agronomic data, this review underscores the promise of facultative types as a resilient and underutilized strategy for sustainable crop production in a changing climate.
Nicole Frantová (Wed,) studied this question.