IL‐1β induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and cell migration via a c‐Src‐dependent, growth factor receptor transactivation in A549 cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression is regulated by mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-kappaB. IL-1beta also stimulates transactivation of growth factor receptors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt., leading to the expression of inflammatory proteins. Here, we investigated whether these transactivation mechanisms participated in IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression in A549 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A549 cells were treated with/without pharmacological inhibitors and neutralizing antibody or transfected with dominant negative mutants and siRNA of particular protein kinases before stimulation with IL-1beta. Cell migration was measured by in vitro scratch assay. Expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-9 were analysed by Western blot and gelatin zymography. Transcriptional activity of MMP-9 was analysed by RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter assays. KEY RESULTS: Inhibition of MMP-9 expression by inhibitors of Src (PP1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and epithelial growth factor (EGF) receptor or transfection with siRNA for Src and Akt prevented IL-1beta-induced migration of A549 cells. These tyrosine kinases were involved through phosphorylation of Src, PDGF, or EGF receptors (EGFRs) via the formation of Src/PDGFR or Src/EGFR complexes, attenuated by PP1. IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression through EGFR transactivation was diminished by inhibitors of MMPs and heparin-binding EGF-like factor (HB-EGF), or a neutralizing HB-EGF antibody. IL-1beta-stimulated activation and translocation of Akt and NF-kappaB (p65); the recruitment of activated NF-kappaB (p65) to the MMP-9 promoter region was attenuated by LY294002. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration was mediated through c-Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR/PDGFR/PI3K/Akt linking to the NF-kappaB pathway in A549 cells.