Using a hybrid hard-linked model to analyze reduced climate gas emissions from transport

In this paper we have hard-linked a bottom-up energy system model (TIMES) and a top-down computable general equilibrium model (REMES) in order to analyze both the energy system impacts and the economic impacts of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. We study a limitation of CO2 emissions from transport in Norway in 2030 to 50% of CO2 emissions in 1990. The linked approach gives new insight both in terms of the technology mix and the emissions from different transport segments, ripple effects through the economy and regional welfare effects. Furthermore, the convergence of our full-link full-form hybrid model is relevant for comparison with soft-linked approaches.