Key result
Mutations in the epithelial sodium channel cause severe salt-wasting in pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 and severe salt-sensitive hypertension in Liddle's syndrome.
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expressed in aldosterone-responsive epithelial cells of the kidney and colon plays a critical role in the control of sodium balance, blood volume, and blood pressure. In lung, ENaC has a distinct role in controlling the ionic composition of the air-liquid interface and thus the rate of mucociliary transport. Loss-of-function mutations in ENaC cause a severe salt-wasting syndrome in human pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1). Gain-of-function mutations in ENaC beta and gamma subunits cause pseudoaldosteronism (Liddle's syndrome), a severe form of salt-sensitive hypertension. This review discusses genetically defined forms of a salt sensitivity and salt resistance in human monogenic diseases and in animal models mimicking PHA-1 or Liddle's syndrome. The complex interaction between genetic factors (ENaC mutations) and the risk factor (salt intake) can now be studied experimentally. The role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in determining salt sensitivity or salt resistance in general populations is one of the main challenges of the post-genomic era.
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Rossier et al. (2002) conducted a review in Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1) and Liddle's syndrome. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) mutations was evaluated. Mutations in the epithelial sodium channel cause severe salt-wasting in pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 and severe salt-sensitive hypertension in Liddle's syndrome.
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