How the Drilling Fluids Can be Made More Efficient by Using Nanomaterials

Drilling fluids serve many objectives in a drilling process, including the elimination of cuttings, lubricating and cooling the drill bits, supporting the stability of the hole and preventing the inflow-outflow of fluids between borehole and the formation. However, with increasing production from non-conventional reservoirs, the stability and effectiveness of traditional drilling fluids under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) environment have become big concerns. Both water and oil based drilling fluids are likely to experience a number of deteriorations such as gelation, degradation of weighting materials and breakdown of polymeric additives under HTHP conditions. Recently, nanotechnology has shown a lot of promise in the oil and gas sectors, including nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. This paper aims to explore and assess the influence of various nanoparticles on the performance of drilling fluids to make the drilling operation smooth, cost effective and efficient. In order to achieve this aim, the article will begin by explaining the important role that drilling fluid plays during the drilling process with a historical review of drilling fluid industry development. Then, definitions, uses and types of drilling fluid will be demonstrated as well as, the additives that are appended in order to enhance drilling fluid performance. Moreover, the maturation of the oil production industry from unconventional wells will be discussed after which the limitations and