Key result
Influenza B virus infection caused rapidly progressive fulminant myocarditis in a 7-year-old boy, leading to multiorgan failure and death after 10 days despite aggressive life support.
Why the study?
Influenza B virus-induced myocarditis is a rare complication with wide variations in severity and clinical presentation, and its pathogenesis is unclear.
Case Report (n=1)
Influenza B virus can cause rapidly progressive and fatal fulminant myocarditis in pediatric patients, highlighting a rare but severe complication that carries a poor prognosis despite aggressive mechanical support.
Clinicians should monitor children with influenza B for rapid myocarditis progression; leaves open optimal management strategies.
BACKGROUND: Influenza B virus induced myocarditis is a rare complication with potentially wide variations in severity and clinical presentation, and the pathogenesis is unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a rare case of a 7-year-old boy who developed fulminant myocarditis (FM) due to influenza B virus infection. Treatment measures included mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-infection, and enteral nutrition support. After 10 days of treatment, the patient succumbed to multiorgan failure. CONCLUSIONS: After a systematic review of the literature, we found that this disease predominantly affects females, with pediatric cases exceedingly rare. Fulminant myocarditis (FM) progresses rapidly, poses significant treatment challenges sporadic, and carries a poor prognosis. Interestingly, literature reports suggest that anti-thymocyte globulin therapy may have a positive impact in treating FM, potentially offering new insights into its pathogenesis and clinical management.
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Tian et al. (2024) conducted a case report in Fulminant myocarditis caused by influenza B virus (n=1). Influenza B virus infection was evaluated on Clinical outcome (mortality). Influenza B virus infection caused rapidly progressive fulminant myocarditis in a 7-year-old boy, leading to multiorgan failure and death after 10 days despite aggressive life support.
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