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It is shown that a traffic jam can spontaneously be self-formed in a deterministic way in traffic flow, i.e., even if fluctuations in traffic flow are negligible and they need not be taken into account. This effect may be usual for a highway, where traffic flow can always be slightly inhomogeneous due to entering traffic to on-ramps and leaving traffic to off-ramps.
Kerner et al. (Thu,) studied this question.