Progress of research mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor in the bone

Primary tumors can be metastable in almost all tissues of the body, but some tumors, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer and kidney cancer are mainly metastasized in bones. The bone is the third in terms of the localization frequency of metastasis after the lungs and liver. Clinical manifestations of bone metastases include pain, reduction of mobility, pathological fractures, etc., which are combined with skeleton-related events (Skeletal-Related Events, Sres). The appearance of metastases in the bone urges the quality of life of patients and reduce the survival period. Currently, the mechanism for metastasizing tumor cells in the bone is not fully clear. Recent studies show that the occurrence of metastasis in the bone includes characteristics of tumor cells, bone microenvironment and interaction between two. This literary review analyzed the characteristics of tumor cells, the type and characteristics of metastases in the bone, the specificity of bone microenvironment and the interaction between tumor cells and bone microenvasters, which can provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of metastasis bone. To prepare the review, cited references are retrieved from following databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, CyberLeninka, RISC and CNKI. The analysis used references indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases (93%), RISC and CNKI databases (7%). More than 50% of the paper were published in the last 5 years. 83 references are used for completing this review.