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In this study, an eco-friendly and novel hydrogel based on a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), iota carrageenan (IC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) scaffold, containing a large amount (10–50 wt%) of nanoscale palm fronds (NPF) as additives, for water purification was demonstrated. A life cycle assessment (LCA) findings on NPF as biomass waste incorporated into PVAPVPIC polymer matrix was presented, and the results highlight the necessity of focused actions to reduce environmental impact and support the palm waste utilization in a sustainable manner. The multicomponent nanocomposite hydrogels were examined as adsorbents in a system work in batches for methylene blue (MB) and paracetamol (PCT) removal. The results show that, the presence of NPF, which dispersed in the hydrogel PVAPVPIC scaffolds containing both covalent and non-covalent cross-linking bonds, greatly enhanced the MB and PCT adsorption efficiency. A response surface methodology (RSM) model was used to find the best operating parameters of contaminant adsorption, including time, adsorbent dose, and starting concentration of pollutants. By using this statistical model, it was found that the optimal conditions for the adsorption reaction to achieve the complete removal of MB are 66. 7 h adsorption time duration, 98. 5 mg L −1 starting concentration, and an adsorbent dose of 5. 9 mg, while for the complete removal of PCT, it is 57. 6 h adsorption time duration, 80 mg L −1 starting concentration, and an adsorbent dose of 6 mg. The reusability of the nanocomposite hydrogels were tested for 5 cycles, all showed high adsorption capacity, indicating the potential for practical application of this nanocomposite hydrogel system. This study indicates that the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel raises the standard used for treatment of wastewater and also gives a solution to protect the environment and mitigate global warming. • Upcycling agriculture waste to produce natural reinforcement material. • Ternary blend polymers doped with 10–50 wt% nano-palm frond particles used to remove MB and PCT. • The prepared nanocomposite hydrogel has hydrophilic and negative charged surface. • Solution pH had a significant effect on MB and PCT removal performance. • The nanocomposite hydrogel with 30 wt% resulted in the superior adsorption capability.
Elessawy et al. (Mon,) studied this question.