Main epidemiological indicators of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the Russian Federation for 2014–2023

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common form of diabetes mellitus in childhood, where, unlike in adults, it accounts for more than 90% of all cases of diabetes. The constant change in the epidemiology of T1DM with significant differences in populations and regions requires systematic data collection and analysis for timely monitoring of T1DM trends. AIM: Analysis of the main epidemiological indicators of T1DM in children in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years - from 2014 to 2023. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was the data obtained from the federal statistical observation form No. 12 «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization» for the period from 2014 to 2023. The prevalence (total number of registered cases) and incidence (cases with a diagnosis established for the first time) of T1DM (ICD-10 code: E10) were analyzed in children in three age groups: from 0 to 14 years, from 15 to 17 years, and combined from 0 to 17 years (inclusive). RESULTS: Over the analyzed period, the prevalence of T1DM increased steadily from 238.6 in 2014 to 374.2 cases per 100,000 children in 2023. The prevalence of T1DM in adolescents from 15 to 17 years was higher than in children and amounted to 120.3-203.2 cases per 100,000 adolescents, while in children under 14 years of age, the prevalence was 100.1-172.2 cases per 100,000 children. The annual increase in the prevalence of T1DM averaged 6.3% (95% CI 4.9-7.8). The incidence of T1DM during the analyzed period was 19.1-27.2 cases per 100,000 children and also had a general tendency toward an annual increase in new cases. At the same time, over the past three years, there has been a relative stabilization of incidence rates at 26.5-27.2 per 100,000 children. The annual increase in incidence averaged 4.9% (95% CI 0.9-8.9). The greatest increase in the incidence of T1DM was observed in regions with low incidence. CONCLUSION: The epidemiology of T1DM in the Russian Federation is characterized by significant regional and dynamic changes. Over the period 2014-2023, the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children has increased significantly, increasing annually by an average of 5%, while there has been a relative stabilization of incidence rates over the past three years.