The study of anisotropic bouncing cosmological models in modified gravity

The current work aims to investigate the anisotropic Bianchi type - III, V, and V I_0 bouncing cosmological models in modified gravity. The present study deals with the examination of f(R,T) gravity, i.e., f_1 (R)+ f_2 (T)=R-νγ tanh (R/γ) + λT where ν, γ, λ are constants, R is the Ricci scalar, and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Two assumptions are to be considered for solving the field equations of the three models: i) the expansion scalar is proportional to the shear scalar, and ii) the bouncing scale factor. Here, the bouncing scale factor is studied in exponential form (i.e., a symmetric bounce) and, as a result, the graphs show that the contracting phase reflects the expanding phase. Some parameters of the three models are analyzed, and the graphs of those parameters are used to describe their relevance. Energy conditions are evaluated within the context of f(R,T) gravity, and the results are deduced as the infringement of the null and strong energy conditions, which exhibits an accelerated universe scenario, whereas the dominant energy condition is fulfilled. The stability of the obtained model is examined using the perturbation technique. This article yielded intriguing results that support the current observations of the cosmos.