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With the increasing demand for efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions worldwide, traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are facing issues such as resource limitations, high costs, and safety. Dual ion batteries (DIBs), as an emerging battery technology, demonstrate the potential to improve energy density and reduce costs by simultaneously utilizing multiple cations and anions for energy storage. This article summarizes the basic principles and working mechanisms of DIBs. It explores in detail the characteristics of sodium-based, potassium-based, magnesium-based, and other types of DIBs. The application of anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials in DIBs was further analyzed, their electrochemical performance was evaluated, and optimization strategies were proposed. This article also explores the environmental impact and sustainability of DIBs, including the availability of materials, the environmental impact of manufacturing processes, and recycling and reuse strategies. Finally, this article looks forward to the future development direction and challenges faced by DIBs, emphasizing the importance of technological innovation, policy support, and market demand for their commercial application. DIBs have significant advantages as a potential alternative to LIBs. However, they must overcome challenges such as material stability and manufacturing process complexity to achieve widespread application in electric vehicles and grid energy storage fields.
Pan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.