Key result
Men in India had a higher burden of premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease than women, with an estimated 3,565.51 years of life lost per 100,000 men compared to 2,804.9 per 100,000 women.
Why the study?
The study sought to provide a comprehensive estimate of gender differences in years of life lost due to CVD across major states of India during 2017-18.
Observational
Absolute Event Rate: 3565.51% vs 2804.9%
Men in India experience a higher burden of premature mortality from cardiovascular disease compared to women, particularly from age 50 onwards, highlighting the need for gender- and state-specific public health interventions.
May guide gender-targeted CVD prevention in India from age 50; cross-sectional data leaves open causality and intervention effects.
BACKGROUND: The present study tries to provide a comprehensive estimate of gender differences in the years of life lost due to CVD across the major states of India during 2017-18. METHODS: The information on the CVD related data were collected from medical certification of causes of death (MCCD reports, 2018). Apart from this, information from census of India (2001, 2011), SRS (2018) were also used to estimate YLL. To understand the variation in YLL due to CVD at the state level, nine sets of covariates were chosen: share of elderly population, percentage of urban population, literacy rate, health expenditure, social sector expenditure, labour force participation, HDI Score and co-existence of other NCDs such as diabetes, & obesity. The absolute number of YLL and YLL rates were calculated. Further, Pearson's correlation had been calculated and to understand the effect of explanatory variables on YLL due to CVD, multiple linear regression analysis had been applied. RESULTS: Men have a higher burden of premature mortality in terms of Years of life lost (YLL) due to CVD than women in India, with pronounced differences at adult ages of 50-54 years and over. The age pattern of YLL rate suggests that the age group 85 + makes the highest contribution to the overall YLL rate due to CVD. YLL rate showed a J-shaped relationship with age, starting high at ages below 1 years, dropping to their lowest among children aged 1-4 years, and rising again to highest levels at 85 + years among both men and women. In all the states except Bihar men had higher estimated YLL due to CVD for all ages than women. Among men the YLL due to CVD was higher in Tamil Nadu followed by Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. On the other hand, the YLL due to CVD among men was lowest in Jharkhand followed by Assam. Similarly, among women the YLL due to CVD was highest in Tamil Nadu followed by Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. While, the YLL due to CVD among women was lowest in Jharkhand. Irrespective of gender, all factors except state health expenditure were positively linked with YLL due to CVD, i.e., as state health expenditure increases, the years of life lost (YLL) due to CVDs falls. Among all the covariates, the proportion of a state's elderly population emerges as the most significant predictor variable for YLL for CVDs (r = 0.42 for men and r = 0.50 for women). CONCLUSION: YLL due to cardiovascular disease varies among men and women across the states of India. The state-specific findings of gender differences in years of life lost due to CVD may be used to improve policies and programmes in India.
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Kundu et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Cardiovascular disease premature mortality. Male gender vs. Female gender was evaluated on Years of life lost (YLL) rate due to CVD per 100,000 population. Men in India had a higher burden of premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease than women, with an estimated 3,565.51 years of life lost per 100,000 men compared to 2,804.9 per 100,000 women.
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