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Geo-interfaces refer to the contact surfaces between multiple media within geological strata, as well as the transition zones that regulate the migration of three-phase matter, changes in physical states, and the deformation and stability of rock and soil masses. Owing to the combined effects of natural factors and human activities, geo-interfaces play crucial roles in the emergence, propagation, and triggering of geological disasters . Over the past three decades, the material point method (MPM) has emerged as a preferred approach for addressing large deformation problems and simulating soil-water-structure interactions, making it an ideal tool for analyzing geo-interface behaviors. In this review, we offer a systematic summary of the basic concepts, classifications, and main characteristics of the geo-interface, and provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances and developments in simulating geo-interface using the MPM. We further present a brief description of various MPMs for modeling different types of geo-interfaces in geotechnical engineering applications and highlight the existing limitations and future research directions. This study aims to facilitate innovative applications of the MPM in modeling complex geo-interface problems, providing a reference for geotechnical practitioners and researchers.
Xie et al. (Fri,) studied this question.