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This work investigates the hybrid fiber sequence effect on the flexural and impact properties of basalt/carbon epoxy composites. In the present study, six configurations of composite laminates were fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer method and tested in three-point bending and Charpy impact tests. The results show that hybrid composites outperform pure basalt or carbon laminates. The maximum flexural strength and modulus, such as in C2B4C2, were realized for the configurations with carbon fibers on the outer layers because of the rigidity of carbon. However, higher energy absorption was offered by the basalt-rich composites because of their ductility. Among the hybrids, a balanced stacking sequence like C4B4 and B2C4B2 showed an optimum between stiffness and toughness. Flexural modulus was maximum at 12.1 GPa for carbon-dominant layers, whereas impact resistance was maximum for alternating hybrid layers at 120 kJ/m2. SEM analysis revealed that the dominant mechanisms of failure were delamination at the fiber–matrix interface and fiber pull-out, while the stacking order was critical regarding stress distribution. Hybridization also increased cost-performance metrics by a factor of 40%, as basalt fibers reduced the cost while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties. These results prove the potential of basalt-carbon hybrid for applications requiring high strength, impact resistance, and economic efficiency.
Özsoy et al. (Mon,) studied this question.