The Spondias Genus in Focus: A Systematic Review Integrating Bioactive Compounds, Gastrointestinal Benefits, and Emerging Technological Applications

The genus Spondias comprises tropical fruit species rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and vitamin C, which have attracted growing attention for their potential benefits to gastrointestinal health. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the biological activities of Spondias species, particularly Spondias purpurea, S. mombin, S. tuberosa, S. cytherea, and related hybrids. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that extracts and by-products from various fruit tissues exhibit gastroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby contributing to the prevention of gastric lesions and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Recent findings also suggest that Spondias-derived products may positively influence gut microbiota composition and support intestinal health by modulating beneficial microbial populations. The biological effects are mainly attributed to the synergistic action of phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals. Overall, Spondias species represent promising sources of functional ingredients for the development of foods and nutraceuticals aimed at promoting gastrointestinal health and preventing digestive disorders.