Pathways to adopting microtransit: Examining the role of older adults' usability perceptions and willingness to use in Mississippi

Introduction On-demand microtransit has the potential to enhance the mobility of older adults, especially for those who do not prefer driving or face difficulty accessing conventional public transportation. Past studies have focused on the adoption of public transportation and autonomous vehicles, but less attention has been given to the adoption of on-demand microtransit by older adults. Methods This study uses data from 193 respondents aged 55 and above in Mississippi to examine their usability perceptions and willingness to use an on-demand microtransit service. Respondents' socio-economic and built environment (urban, suburban, or rural) characteristics, as well as travel-related attributes, were collected. A structural equation model (SEM) is developed with, difficulties in using current modes, smartphone adaptation, monetary considerations of car use, and public transportation use as mediators. Results Difficulties in using current modes, smartphone adaptation, monetary considerations regarding cars, and frequency of public transportation use significantly influence the usability perceptions and willingness to use on-demand microtransit. The findings also suggest that people residing in less urbanized areas (rural or suburban) are less likely to experience difficulties in using current modes than urban residents. Males reported significantly greater public transportation use than females. Usability perceptions and willingness to use on-demand microtransit in rural areas were mediated through difficulties in using current modes and public transportation use. Conclusions Microtransit can be particularly useful for older adults facing difficulties in using current modes. Income-based parking pricing can help shift towards on-demand microtransit. The findings from this study can help address attitudinal barriers to adopting microtransit and make microtransit older-adult-friendly, ensuring smooth operation and success in future pilot projects.