Comprehensive analysis of phytoconstituents in aerial organs of the vulnerable medicinal plant, Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn) Mabb.

This pioneering study reports the phytoconstituents of aerial organs of the vulnerable Stereospermum colais. These parts have been historically overlooked compared to root and bark exploitation in Ayurveda. This approach eliminates destructive root harvesting while staying within WHO elemental limits for multi-herb Ayurvedic formulations. The study proved leaves as the richest source of antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids, particularly rutin. The abscised petals stand out, containing a high level of the biomarker lignan cycloolivil (15.3 mg/g-DW), thus ideal for zero-impact, sustainable harvesting. Meanwhile, green stems are the best source of lapachol (1558 μg/g-DW in acetone). These highly significant profiles expand our understanding of the S. colais beyond previously identified compounds from roots and bark. This minimises expenses while maintaining tree health and bioactive yields for Ayurvedic applications. This study unlocks sustainable, eco-friendly sourcing for Ayurvedic and modern medicines, easing pressure on wild populations with non-destructive harvesting that can readily scale for commercial use.