Abstract A multi-layer morphological perceptron is a feedforward neural architecture composed of multiple layers whose neurons apply basic operations from mathematical morphology. In multi-class classification settings, the inclusion of a winner-take-all mechanism leads to the morphological perceptron with a competitive layer (MPCL). Due to the inherent nondifferentiability of morphological operations, conventional gradient-based learning algorithms may be unsuitable for training such models, motivating the adoption of optimization techniques that do not rely on derivatives. In this work, we present a training framework for MPCL networks based on the convex–concave procedure (CCP). The learning task is formulated as an optimization problem involving the difference-of-convex functions and is addressed through an iterative CCP scheme that yields a sequence of linear programming problems. Numerical results on classification benchmarks indicate that the proposed approach provides an effective and viable alternative for training MPCL networks. The source-code and Jupyter Notebooks are available at github.com/mevalle/MPCL-CCP .
Valle et al. (Wed,) studied this question.