What question did this study set out to answer?

This article aims to present the PACC framework for improving AI-assisted writing in English Language Teaching (ELT).

July 24, 2026TESOL Journal0 citations

Purpose, Audience, Context, and Culture: A Framework for AI ‐Assisted Writing in ELT Classrooms

FFFlora Debora Floris WRWilly A. Renandya

Key Points

This article aims to present the PACC framework for improving AI-assisted writing in English Language Teaching (ELT).
Developed conceptual model informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics and Genre Theory.
Focused on four elements: purpose, audience, context, and culture.
Provided an integrated classroom example and discussed implementation challenges.
The PACC framework aids in the design of effective AI prompts and text evaluations.
Teachers found the framework to enhance writing instruction by providing meaningful context to AI-generated texts.
Implementation challenges were identified, highlighting the need for practical adaptation in classrooms.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) tools can help students draft and revise texts more efficiently. However, AI‐generated texts may sound fluent but still fail to meet the needs of readers. This article proposes the PACC framework as a conceptual model for AI‐assisted writing in ELT. Informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics and Genre Theory, PACC focuses on four elements: purpose, audience, context, and culture. Students use these elements to design AI prompts and to evaluate and revise the AI‐generated text. This article explains the theoretical basis of the framework, shows how it can be applied in writing lessons, presents an integrated classroom example, and discusses possible implementation challenges. The PACC framework contributes to ELT writing instruction by giving teachers and students a practical and meaningful way when preparing AI prompts and when reviewing AI‐generated texts.

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