Constructing Advanced 5/6/5 Fused-Ring Skeletons for Nitramine Energetic Compounds: High-Energy Low-Sensitivity Explosives with Exceptional Thermal Stability

Currently, while hundreds of nitramine-based energetic compounds have been synthesized with outstanding detonation performance, none have yet achieved thermal stability surpassing that of traditional nitramine compound cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX: T d = 280 °C). This study successfully developed an advanced 5/6/5 fused-ring energetic material NNANT, utilizing a two-step cyclization reaction. The obtained compound NNANT exhibits excellent thermal stability ( T d = 296 °C), surpassing the HMX ( T d = 280 °C). It also exhibits excellent detonation performance ( D V = 8764 m·s –1, P = 31.7 GPa) comparable to the conventional explosive cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX: D V = 8795 m·s –1 ) along with lower sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), making it as a promising candidate for novel low-sensitivity and thermally stable high energy density materials. This further broadens the prospects for the widespread practical application of nitramine compounds.