Assessing the Therapeutic Impact of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash: A Comparative Study of Various Concentration Levels

OBJECTIVES: Oral health significantly influences overall wellness, yet it is often overshadowed by aesthetic considerations. This study investigates chlorhexidine gluconate, a widely used pharmaceutical in dental care, focusing on its antimicrobial efficacy and safety across varying concentrations. The primary objective is to determine the optimal concentration for daily use by analysing its effects on plaque control, microbial growth, and associated adverse effects. METHODS: A structured narrative review of clinical trials was conducted, focusing on comparative studies of 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash concentrations. Per-reviewed articles were selected based on quality grading and relevance to antimicrobial efficacy and safety. The data analysis included evaluations of antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as adverse effects, to assess the suitability of concentrations under varying oral health conditions. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine gluconate demonstrated robust antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties. Comparative analysis revealed that both 0.12% and 0.2% concentrations were effective in plaque and microbial growth control, with the higher concentration showing marginally superior efficacy but a higher likelihood of adverse effects. Adverse effects, including staining and altered taste sensation, were observed with prolonged use. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine gluconate is a highly effective antiseptic mouthwash for plaque control and reduction of oral microbial load, and both 0.12% and 0.2% concentrations are effective but should be selected by balancing efficacy and adverse effects.