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China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has had a substantial impact on Nigeria's infrastructure development, notably railway projects. This report evaluates the risks and advantages of BRI-funded railway projects, with a focus on the economic, social, and environmental implications. A structured survey of 300 respondents from the Federal Capital Territory and Keffi, Nasarawa State, was conducted using a stratified random sample approach. The data and hypotheses are analyzed using the chi-square statistical approach. While BRI railway investments improve transportation infrastructure, economic activity, and regional connections, questions remain about debt sustainability, reliance on Chinese technology and labor, and governance transparency. Statistical finings shows that the claimed advantages of BRI railway projects have no statistically meaningful influence on Nigeria's infrastructure development. Furthermore, the related dangers, such as increased national debt and economic reliance, are not much greater than the advantages. The study suggests renegotiating BRI agreements to encourage local enterprise participation, undertaking thorough cost-benefit evaluations before obtaining fresh loans, and improving governance mechanisms to ensure openness and accountability. Furthermore, long-term maintenance plans and environmental impact assessments should be addressed in order to maintain infrastructure efficiency and reduce negative consequences. Overall, while the BRI provides significant potential for Nigerian infrastructure development, a balanced strategy is required to reap its benefits while mitigating related risks.
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Adedeji Daniel Gbadebo (2025) studied this question.
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