Key result
The SE-HeartLife scale demonstrates acceptable model fit and a 5-factor structure for heart-healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Why the study?
No validated tool existed to assess self-efficacy related to the integrated practice of multiple heart-healthy behaviors for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,188)
The newly developed 35-item SE-HeartLife scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing self-efficacy in adopting multiple heart-healthy behaviors for CVD prevention.
May support self-efficacy assessment in CVD prevention research; leaves open clinical adoption pending further validation.
BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is a key determinant of adoption and maintainance of heart-healthy behaviors. Practicing multiple heart-healthy behaviors together significantly reduces cardiovascular disease risk. However, no validated tool currently exists to assess self-efficacy related to the integrated practice of these behaviors for cardiovascular disease prevention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop the Self-Efficacy for Heart-Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors (SE-HeartLife) scale and test its psychometric properties among community-dwelling adults without a history of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: A total of 1188 adults in South Korea were recruited. Scale development followed 3 phases: (1) conceptualization and item generation, (2) evaluation of content and face validity, and (3) refinement and psychometric testing. The sample was randomly split into subsample 1 (n = 594) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and subsample 2 (n = 594) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS: The SE-HeartLife was conceptualized as an individual's perceived confidence in adopting and maintaining heart-healthy lifestyle behaviors in daily life. Of the initial 60 items derived from a comprehensive literature review, 52 were retained following evaluations of content and face validity. The EFA identified 5 underlying factors: SE-Physical-Activity, SE-Unhealthy-Eating-Control, SE-Healthy-Eating, SE-Substance-Use-Control, and SE-Heart-Health-Management. The CFA supported the 5-factor structure, yielding a final 35-item model with acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 2.99, standardized root mean squared residual = 0.05, root mean squared error of approximation = 0.06, comparative fit index = 0.93). The scale showed good concurrent and convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The 35-item SE-HeartLife scale is a psychometrically robust instrument for assessing self-efficacy in the integrated practice of multiple heart-healthy behaviors aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease.
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Choo et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular disease prevention (n=1,188). Self-Efficacy for Heart-Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors (SE-HeartLife) scale was evaluated on Psychometric properties (factor structure, model fit, validity, reliability). The 35-item SE-HeartLife scale demonstrated a 5-factor structure with acceptable model fit (comparative fit index = 0.93, root mean squared error of approximation = 0.06).
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