We experimentally demonstrate a crystalline CaF₂ optical whispering gallery mode resonator characterized by the quality factor Q>2×10¹⁰ at λ=1.3190.3em0exμm. We also report the demonstration of ultrahigh-Q resonators of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate (Q>2×10⁸), and sapphire (Q>10⁹). We discuss fundamental limits of the Q factor, and application of such resonators for measurement of ultrasmall optical losses in various materials. We further analyze the observation of thermo-optical instability in whispering gallery modes of crystalline resonators.
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Savchenkov et al. (2004) studied this question.
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