Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Microbiological intelligence: Simple constructs of hydrophobically functionalized gold nanoarticles and a conjugated polymer (poly(para-phenyleneethynylene, PPE) are able to identify three different strains of E. coli in minutes. The negatively charged bacteria replace the negatively charged conjugated polymers from the positively charged gold nanoparticles (see scheme), differentially restoring the polymer fluorescence.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Phillips et al. (2008) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: