A systematic review on the role of miRNAs in plant response to stresses under the changing climatic conditions

Plant stress responses are important mechanisms that allow plants to adapt and survive in a dynamic and often challenging climatic conditions. In nature, plants encounter a wide range of stressors, including both biotic and abiotic factors, which can negatively impact their growth, development, and overall fitness. Plants therefore need to develop coping mechanisms to these stressors. Key players in these regulatory processes include transcription factors, kinases, and various signalling molecules. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a pivotal role in plant stress tolerance . MiRNAs are increasingly recognized as key players in orchestrating how plants and other organisms adapt to a multitude of environmental stresses. However, little is still known on the function of miRNAs in plant responses to multiple stresses. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plant responses to multiple stresses under the changing environmental. The review paper has synthesized the existing research, highlighted key findings, and offered insights into the significance of miRNAs in enhancing plant resilience to various environmental stressors. It has concluded that the exploration of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the context of enhancing plant resilience to multiple stresses has yielded valuable insights into the intricacies of plant stress responses and the potential applications of these small regulatory molecules in agriculture for improved productivity under different stress conditions.