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Maynard Smith and Price (1973) have shown that the methods and terminology of Game Theory can be used to study the evolution of various strategies in animal species. They write a ij as the mean ‘value’ to the user of strategy i when his opponent uses strategy j ; these values a ij are related to the fitness of the user of i , in the sense that, if a ij is large, it is advantageous to use strategy i when one's opponent uses strategy j , and this advantage will be reflected in an increase in one's reproductive potential. For example, these may be a contest for territory, or dominance rights.
John Haigh (Sat,) studied this question.