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Recent clinical trials have documented the use of extended-release (ER) opioids in the management of chronic non-malignant pain. This manuscript reviews the clinical pharmacology of investigational and current marketed ER opioids. Recent randomised clinical trials of ER opioids that document the efficacy and safety of opioid therapy for chronic pain are reviewed. Finally, the abuse liability of ER opioids is discussed. Current technologies aimed at defeating the abuse of ER opioids will also be presented.
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Sloan et al. (2006) studied this question.
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