Interaction of tearing modes with external structures in cylindrical geometry (plasma)

A basic theoretical framework is developed for the investigation of tearing mode interactions in cylindrical geometry. A set of equations describing the coupled evolution of the amplitude and phase of each mode in the plasma is obtained by combining electromagnetic and fluid flow information. Two interactions are investigated in detail as examples. The first example considered is the slowing down of a rotating magnetic island interacting with a resistive wall. Under certain conditions bifurcated steady state solutions are obtained, allowing the system to make sudden irreversible transitions from high rotation to low rotation states as the interaction strength is gradually increased, and vice versa. The second example considered is the interaction of a rotating tearing mode with a static external magnetic perturbation. In general, a rotating island is stabilized to some extent by the interaction, whereas a locked island is destabilized. In fact, a rotating island of sufficiently small saturated width can be completely stabilized. However, once the island width becomes too large, conventional mode locking occurs prior to complete stabilization. The interaction with a tearing-stable plasma initially gives rise to a modification of the bulk plasma rotation, with little magnetic reconnection induced at the rational surface. However, once a critical perturbation field strength is exceeded, there is a sudden change in the plasma rotation as a locked island is induced at the rational surface, with no rotating magnetic precursor. The implications of these results for typical ohmically heated tokamaks are evaluated. The comparatively slow mode rotation in large tokamaks renders such devices particularly sensitive to error-field induced locked modes, and the collapse of mode rotation due to wall interactions