Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–induced sickle cell crisis and multiorgan dysfunction in a patient with compound heterozygous sickle cell/β+ thalassemia

Colony-stimulating factors, in particular granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), are widely used for the amelioration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. There is a paucity of data regarding the safety of G-CSF in patients with sickle cell anemia. This is relevant, as neutrophil activation