Advances in Interfacial Design for Electrochemical Biosensors and Sensors: Aryl Diazonium Salts for Modifying Carbon and Metal Electrodes

Abstract A high degree of control over the modification of electrode surfaces is required for many sensing applications. This critical review briefly outlines some of the considerations for interfacial design in amperometric sensors and discusses some of advantages and disadvantages of alkanethiol modified metal electrodes for such applications before concentrating on the modification of electrodes surfaces using aryl diazonium salts. The pros and cons of this chemistry, and the application of aryl diazonium salts for sensing on carbon electrodes is reviewed before recent advances in using this chemistry for modifying metal electrodes are presented.