Tn5-induced mutations affecting virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis

Transposon Tn5 was used to isolate mutants of Bordetella pertussis. Strains with Tn5 insertions were screened for loss of virulence-associated factors, including filamentous hemagglutinin, hemolysin, and pertussis toxin. Several mutants deficient for hemolysin production were obtained. All produced dermonecrotic toxin, pertussis toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin, but were found to vary with respect to adenylate cyclase production. One hemolysin mutant had no detectable adenylate cyclase activity; others had 0.6% or 16% wild-type activity, whereas a fourth seemed to be unaffected in terms of adenylate cyclase activity. Mutants deficient in the ability to hemagglutinate sheep erythrocytes were also isolated. These mutants either failed to synthesize or produced reduced amounts of three protein species of 200,000, 130,000, and 100,000 daltons, all of which reacted with antiserum to filamentous hemagglutinin. Pertussis toxin mutants were identified by screening culture supernatants for failure to induce a clustered growth pattern in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and identification was confirmed by the standard histamine-sensitizing assay in mice. These mutants will be useful to determine the relative contribution of each virulence factor to pathogenicity as well as to determine the identity of the antigens important in protective immunity.