Solvent-free oxidation of the primary C–H bonds in toluene to benzaldehyde has been achieved by using the metal-free catalyst g-C 3 N 4 and O 2 . It is the nanostructure of g-C 3 N 4 that boosts the high selectivity by tuning the homogeneous oxidation to hetergeneous oxidation and capturing all free •O 2 – radicals to effectively suppress the overoxidation of aldehydes.
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Li et al. (2012) studied this question.
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