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Hydrogel nanoparticles (HNPs) have emerged as a promising class of drug delivery systems due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high water content, biocompatibility, and tunable drug release capabilities. These nanoparticles, composed of cross-linked polymeric networks, can encapsulate a variety of therapeutic agents, including chemotherapeutic drugs, nucleic acids, and immunomodulators, and release them in a controlled and sustained manner. Hydrogel nanoparticles are particularly valuable in cancer therapy, as they can enhance drug solubility, improve bioavailability, and target tumor sites while minimizing off-target toxicity. Additionally, stimuli-responsive features, such as pH, temperature, and enzyme sensitivity, allow for the development of highly targeted drug delivery systems that release therapeutic agents in the tumor microenvironment. Despite their potential, the clinical translation of Hydrogel nanoparticles faces several challenges, including scalability, long-term stability, inconsistent drug release profiles, and the potential for resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogel nanoparticles as an innovative drug delivery platform, with a particular focus on their applications in cancer therapy. We explore the mechanisms of drug loading and release, targeting strategies to enhance tumor specificity, and recent advances in the design and engineering of hydrogel nanoparticles. Hydrogels and nanogels have many good qualities, like being friendly to the body, attracting water, releasing drug slowly, and delivering drugs in a smart way. They are seen as a promising method for controlling how drug is released because they can trap drug molecules inside their network, which gets swollen with water. New developments in polymer chemistry and nanotechnology have made big improvements in using hydrogels and nanogels as tools for drug delivering. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations and challenges in the clinical application of these nanocarriers, including scalability, reproducibility, and long-term efficacy.
Kianfar et al. (Sat,) studied this question.