Gut microbiome dysbiosis and cancer: A systematic review on the emerging role of probiotics in oncology

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Probiotic supplementation in cancer patients is a promising adjunct for supportive care that reduces chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and improves perioperative surgical outcomes. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Marjan Salehi; Andrea Gottardo; Tancredi Didier Bazan Russo; Giulia Bonventre; Lorena Incorvaia; Valerio Gristina; Maria Cristina Trecciola; Antonio Galvano

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105416

June 3, 2026Critical Reviews in Oncology/HematologyOpen Access

Gut microbiome dysbiosis and cancer: A systematic review on the emerging role of probiotics in oncology

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Key Points

To assess the clinical effects of probiotic supplementation in cancer patients affected by dysbiosis.
Conducted narrative synthesis from 3 clinical trials, 1 in vivo study, 2 meta-analyses, and 1 pooled analysis.
Data sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to September 2025.
Stratified results by assessed outcomes related to gastrointestinal symptoms and perioperative recovery.
Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced clinically relevant diarrhea, especially severe cases in specific patient subgroups.
Meta-analysis showed improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and bloating.
In postoperative colorectal surgery, evidence suggested fewer infections and shorter length of stay; effects on anastomotic leak were inconsistent.

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Implication

Systematic review evaluates probiotic effects in cancer patients, indicating potential benefits for GI symptoms and recovery outcomes.

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Salehi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a640f6e43ed3d4e4ae54b3c https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105416

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Gut microbiome dysbiosis and cancer: A systematic review on the emerging role of probiotics in oncology

Key Points

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Discussion

Cite This Study

Gut microbiome dysbiosis and cancer: A systematic review on the emerging role of probiotics in oncology

Key Points

No abstract yet

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Implication

Discussion

Cite This Study

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