Key result
Among AF patients with ischemic stroke despite anticoagulation, good treatment adherence was higher with VKAs than NOACs (83.3% vs 54.8%, p=0.035), but 91.7% on VKAs had subtherapeutic INR.
Why the study?
Stroke occurrence despite oral anticoagulation is unexpected, and little is known about responsible mechanisms such as poor adherence or inappropriate dosage in chronically anticoagulated AF patients.
What are the mechanisms for ischemic stroke occurrence in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation chronically medicated with oral anticoagulants?
Observational (n=60)
What are the mechanisms for ischemic stroke occurrence in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation chronically medicated with oral anticoagulants?
Absolute Event Rate: 83.3% vs 54.8%
p-value: p=0.035
Ischemic stroke in AF patients on chronic anticoagulation is largely driven by subtherapeutic dosing, poor adherence, or non-cardioembolic etiology rather than true anticoagulant failure.
Emphasizes optimizing adherence and dosing in anticoagulated AF; leaves open other mechanisms in therapeutic cases.
Introduction: Oral anticoagulants have proved to be highly effective in preventing atrial fibrillation (AF)-related strokes. The occurrence of stroke despite oral anticoagulation is unexpected and little is known about the mechanisms responsible. The aim of this study was to assess possible mechanisms for stroke occurrence, such as poor treatment adherence and inappropriate dosage, in patients chronically anticoagulated for AF. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of 60 consecutive patients with non-valvular AF, chronically medicated with an oral anticoagulant and admitted due to ischemic stroke. Treatment adherence was assessed through the Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) and the Medição da Adesão ao Tratamento (MAT) scales. Patient characteristics, stroke etiology, and appropriacy of anticoagulant dosage were also assessed. Results: Patients’ mean age was 78.6±8.0 years, and 51.7% were male. Overall, the proportion of patients with good adherence to anticoagulants was 63.3%. Adherent patients were more frequently illiterate (26.3% vs. 4.5%, p=0.012). The proportion of patients under vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) with good treatment adherence was significantly higher than that of patients under novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (83.3% vs. 54.8%, respectively, for BMQ, p=0.035). However, 91.7% of patients under VKAs presented an admission INR <2. Subtherapeutic prescriptions were found in 43% of patients under NOACs. Conclusion: In the majority of patients, stroke occurrence despite chronic anticoagulation appears to be explained by subtherapeutic dosage, poor treatment adherence or non-cardioembolic etiology, and not by inefficacy of the anticoagulants. Resumo: Introdução: Os anticoagulantes orais demonstraram ser altamente eficazes na prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) associado a fibrilhação auricular (FA). A ocorrência de AVC apesar da hipocoagulação oral não é expectável, existindo escassa informação sobre os mecanismos responsáveis pela sua ocorrência. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar possíveis mecanismos para a ocorrência de AVC isquémico, como a má adesão à terapêutica e a não adequação da dosagem dos anticoagulantes em doentes cronicamente hipocoagulados por FA. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo observacional, de 60 doentes consecutivos com FA não valvular, cronicamente medicados com anticoagulante oral, internados por AVC isquémico. Avaliação da adesão terapêutica através das escalas Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) e Medição da Adesão ao Tratamento (MAT). Avaliação das características dos doentes, etiologia do AVC e adequação da dosagem do anticoagulante. Resultados: A idade média era de 78,6 ± 8,0 anos, com 51,7% dos doentes do sexo masculino. Globalmente, a proporção de doentes com boa adesão terapêutica aos anticoagulantes foi de 63,3%. Os doentes aderentes eram mais frequentemente analfabetos (26,3% vs. 4,5, p = 0,012). A proporção de doentes sob antivitamínicos K (AVK) com boa adesão terapêutica era significativamente superior à dos doentes sob anticoagulantes orais não antivitamínicos K (NOAC) (respetivamente, 83,3% versus 54,8%, p = 0,035 para BMQ). No entanto, 91,7% dos doentes sob AVK apresentavam INR < 2 na admissão. Identificaram-se prescrições subterapêuticas em 43% dos doentes sob NOAC. Conclusões: Na maioria dos doentes, a ocorrência de AVC apesar da hipocoagulação parece ser explicada por subdosagem, má adesão terapêutica ou etiologia não cardioembólica e não por ineficácia dos anticoagulantes.
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Fernandes et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Non-valvular atrial fibrillation with ischemic stroke despite oral anticoagulation (n=60). Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) vs. Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) was evaluated on Good treatment adherence (assessed through the Brief Medication Questionnaire) (p=0.035). Among AF patients with ischemic stroke despite anticoagulation, good treatment adherence was higher with VKAs than NOACs (83.3% vs 54.8%, p=0.035), but 91.7% on VKAs had subtherapeutic INR.
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