One-hour plasma glucose concentration identify subjects at high risk for future type 2 diabetes based on β-cell function

Objective Determining the 1-h PG diagnostic threshold for Asian populations based on β-cell function. Research design and methods This retrospective study analyzed subjects who underwent OGTT due to suspected dysglycemia. Using severe β-cell dysfunction as the reference, ROC analysis was applied to establish the optimal 1-h PG cutoff. Insulin resistance and β-cell function were evaluated using the Matsuda index, insulinogenic index (IGI30), and oral disposition index (DI). Results Among 15,050 participants categorized into NGT, isolated IFG, IGT, and T2DM groups, 1-h PG in people without diabetes showed the strongest correlation with DI (r = -0.390, all P < 0.05). ROC analysis within the NGT group indicated that 1-h PG had the highest AUC (0.895; 95 % CI: 0.884–0.906). The optimal cutoff was 8.8 mmol/L, with sensitivity of 0.801 and specificity of 0.816. Furthermore, 1-h PG outperformed other glucose metrics in detecting significant β-cell dysfunction. Conclusions This study determined the cutoff value for identifying high-risk individuals for diabetes based on β-cell function, with a 1-h PG level of 8.8 mmol/L.